Arthritis is a very common condition, but it is not understood very well. This is probably because it is not a single condition.

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There are several types of it and its associated conditions. A common misconception is that it occurs only in the elderly. However, individuals of all age groups, sexes, backgrounds can and do have the same. In India, over 15% of the population is affected by it, i.e. 180 million individuals. The most common types in India has been reported to be rheumatoid. 

What Is Arthritis?

It is characterized by swelling, pain, stiffness, and a limited range of motion. It can also affect any joint in the body, such as the elbows, hips, little joints in the fingers and the spine. However, it most commonly affects the knees.

Explaining

The knee is one of the strongest joints in our body. It is made up of the ends of three different bones, viz. the kneecap, the thighbone, and the shin bone. Between these bones are cartilages (a slippery substance) and a membrane (that releases a fluid). This fluid reduces the friction between the bones and keeps the joint movement smooth. The reduction of either the fluid or the cartilage (causing friction) is what causes the disease.

Types of it and Diagnosis

There are many types of it; the major types include rheumatoid, posttraumatic, and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is very common in women. A diagnosis of it is usually made following the doctor’s physical examination, history, and tests (X-rays and blood tests). The three most commonly observed symptoms of it and are swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement on examination.

Management

There is no cure for the same; however, remedies such as wearing shock-absorbing shoes, hot and cold therapy for the pain, lifestyle modification, and restricting activities that cause pain (e.g. climbing stairs) are recommended. There are also medications that can be taken to relieve pain and swelling. Based on the severity of the joint damage, you may be recommended joint-replacement surgery.

Self-management

Exercising is a great way to reduce pain. Though it may seem counter intuitive, exercise can help bring your pain down. Along with this, ensure to eat healthy and improve your sleep. Get restful sleep that will not leave you feeling tired through the day. Set a sleep time and ensure to stick with it. This can also help you with your fatigue.

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